Articles on davidzou.com

BIOS Password Bypass

Mon, 28 Mar 2016 00:00:00 +0000

BIOS Administrator/Supervisor Password Bypass/Removal

These instructions are provided without warranty. Use at own risk.
Please be careful when playing with hardware. You can easily break or damage components.

This guide will run through bypassing and changing/removing a BIOS password. This guide can also bypass the supervisor password prompt which occurs when the incorrect password has been entered too may times, resulting in the message “System Security - Security password retry count exceeded”. This guide will use Lenovo BIOS and UEFI as examples.

The rough steps you will need to take are:

Disassemble your device
Locate the EEPROM chip on the mainboard
Find a datasheet for your EEPROM chip and/or locate the SLC and SDA pins
Short the SCL and SDA pins while the BIOS checks the password
Change/remove the password

Step 1: Disassemble

Start by removing the back cover of your laptop. Chances are that you won’t find the EEPROM behind the exposed parts behind the back cover. You will probably need to remove the entire back/base of the laptop or even get to the other side of the mainboard. Most Lenovo laptops have the EEPROM on the other side of the mainboard (the keyboard side).

Step 2: Locate the EEPROM

You are looking for an 8-pin Serial EEPROM chip, though it can come in a 5 pin SOT-23 package. To confirm what chip you have, simply read the characters off the chip and Google it. One with results for a serial EEPROM would indicate the correct chip. Due to the small packages of these chips, the characters marked on the chip may not be the model number of the chip and may be an abbreviation. Also, if you find results for serial flash chips with a capacity of a few hundred K (Kilobits) or a few M (Megabits), chances are that you have found the chip the Embedded Controller or BIOS/UEFI is stored in. Keep looking!

Step 3: Find a datasheet and/or locate the SLC and SDA pins

On most 8-pin packages, the SDA and SCL pins are on pins 5 and 6 respectively. Pin 1 can be identified by the dot/circle etched next to it (some packages may have a semicircle etched on the edge between pins 1 and 8) and the pins are numbered anticlockwise.

Step 4: Ensure the BIOS reads `NULL` from the EEPROM when checking the password

The BIOS communicates with the serial EEPROM through a bus called I²C. The serial clock and data pins are open-drain and are grounded in a specific order for communication to occur. We want to ensure that the only data that gets read out is NULL. This should fool the BIOS into thinking there is no password set.

We can conveniently tie both the SCL and SDA pins together in order to achieve what we want. Note that tying SCL or SDA to Ground or Vcc will cause the BIOS to hang, as transitions between low and high are part of the I²C protocol.

We can simply short the SCL and SDA pins together with a conductor such as a flat head screwdriver or a paperclip.

The procedure seems to be slightly different for BIOS and UEFI systems. BIOS based systems seem to read the password from the EEPROM after the user pushes the ENTER key after entering the password, while UEFI based systems seem to read all the configuration required from EEPROM into memory right after the power is turned on. BIOS based systems will be the easiest to bypass, while UEFI based systems may require a few goes before you succeed.

You can determine whether your system is BIOS or UEFI based by checking specifications or the user manual to see if it supports UEFI boot. You can also enter the BIOS/UEFI setup in read-only mode by using an empty password. If the “Boot” menu mentions “UEFI”, then you have a UEFI based system, otherwise you have Legacy BIOS.

Chances are you have removed the keyboard to get to the EEPROM chip. As some of the steps require the use of a keyboard, you may wish to plug a USB keyboard in to use. Otherwise you’ll need to awkwardly poke and prod underneath the keyboard.

BIOS based procedure

Turn on the device
Press F1 repeatedly to enter BIOS setup and get the password prompt
Short SDA and SCL pins and keep it shorted.
Press ENTER on the keyboard and then un-short the two pins. You should get an OK prompt. If you get a notice BIOS setup is locked. Only the System Supervisor can make changes, then you have not shorted the two pins successfully. Restart the computer and try again.
Navigate to the Security menu > Password menu
Highlight the Supervisor Password option
Short the SDA and SCL pins again and keep it shorted
Press ENTER on the keyboard and then un-short the two pins. You should get a prompt for a New Password and Confirm New Password. If you get a prompt for the Current Password, close the menu and try again.
Enter any password you want to set, or leave it blank for no password.
After confirming the password, press F10 to save changes.
If you are trying to remove the the “Security password retry count exceeded” message, you must load default settings by pressing F9 and save with F10. This does not affect passwords.

UEFI based procedure

Turn on the device
As soon as the backlight of the screen turns on, short SDA and SCL pins and keep it shorted.
Press F1 repeatedly to enter BIOS setup. You should be taken directly into the BIOS setup. Un-short the two pins. If you are shown a password prompt, switch the device off and try again.
Navigate to the Security menu > Password menu and set a Supervisor Password
After confirming the password, press F10 to save changes.
If you are trying to remove the the “Security password retry count exceeded” message, you must load default settings by pressing F9 and save with F10. This does not affect passwords.

Sydney Digital TV (DVB-T)

Sat, 26 Dec 2015 00:00:00 +0000

Sydney digital TV (DVB-T) technical information

Transmitters

Greater Sydney

RF Channel	Transmitter Freq.	Bandwidth	NID	Network Name	TID	Transmitter Location
6	177.500 MHz	7 MHz	4115	Seven	1282	Willoughby
7	184.500 MHz	7 MHz	12802	SBS	768	Gore Hill
8	191.625 MHz	7 MHz	4114	Nine	1056	Artarmon
11	219.500 MHz	7 MHz	4116	Ten	1538	Artarmon
12	226.500 MHz	7 MHz	4112	ABC	545	Gore Hill

Northwest Sydney

RF Channel	Transmitter Freq.	Bandwidth	NID	Network Name	TID	Transmitter Location
30	543.500 MHz	7 MHz	4112	ABC	545	Kurrajong Heights

Channel Info

Terms

NID - Network ID (unique to each network e.g. Seven, Nine, Ten, SBS, ABC)
TID - Transport Stream ID (unique to each network)
SID - Service ID (unique to each channel e.g. ABC, ABC2, ABC3, ABC News 24)
LCN - Logical Channel Number (A number given to a channel. It is the number you punch into the remote for a specific channel)
PMT - Program Map Table (contains info about each channel such as video/audio/text/programme info)
PID - Packet ID (unique to each and every audio/video/text stream encapsulated in the transport stream)
- VPID - Video PID
- APID - Audio PID
- TPID - Text PID (Teletext/Subtitles)

Television Services

SID	LCN	Channel Name	PMT	VPID	APID	TPID	Video Codec	Video Resolution	Video Frame	Video Bitrate (kbps)	Audio Codec/CH	Audio Bitrate (kbps)
1312	7	7 Digital	512	513	514	516	MPEG2	720x576	25i	3800	MP2 2.0ch	256
1314	72	7TWO	544	545	546	548	MPEG2	720x576	25i	3300	MP2 2.0ch	192
1315	73	7mate	560	561	563	565	MPEG2	1440x1080	25i	5300	AC3 2.0ch	384
1319	74	TV4ME	624	625	626		H.264	528x576	25i	1000	AAC 2.0ch	32
1317	76	7flix	592	593	594	596	H.264	720x576	25i	1800	AAC 2.0ch	64
1320	78	RACING.COM	640	641	642		H.264	640x576	25i	1600	AAC 2.0ch	64
769	3	SBS ONE	1025	161	81	41	MPEG2	704x576	25i	3300	MP2 2.0ch	192
774	30	SBS HD	1024	102	103	43	MPEG2	1440x1080	25i	5800	MP2 2.0ch	192
770	32	SBS TWO	1026	162	83	42	MPEG2	704x576	25i	1400	MP2 2.0ch	192
772	33	Food Network	1032	163	85	44	MPEG2	704x576	25i	4300	MP2 2.0ch	192
773	34	NITV	1033	164	87	45	MPEG2	704x576	25i	1300	MP2 2.0ch	192
1058	90	9HD	257	513	650	577	H.264	1920x1080	25i	3600	AC3 5.1ch	448
1062	91	Nine	256	519	720	583	MPEG2	720x576	25i	3900	MP2 2.0ch	256
1063	92	9Gem	262	512	710	576	MPEG2	720x576	25i	3300	MP2 2.0ch	192
1064	93	9Go!	263	517	700	581	MPEG2	720x576	25i	2800	MP2 2.0ch	192
1060	94	9Life	259	520	730	578	MPEG2	720x576	25i	3000	MP2 2.0ch	192
1061	95	Extra	260	521	740		MPEG2	720x576	25i	1600	MP2 2.0ch	192
1573	10	TEN	256	512	650	576	MPEG2	720x576	25i	3500	MP2 2.0ch	256
1576	11	ELEVEN	263	516	681	578	MPEG2	720x576	25i	3100	MP2 2.0ch	192
1575	12	ONE	262	514	672	577	MPEG2	720x576	25i	2800	MP2 2.0ch	192
1572	13	TEN HD	153	511	649	575	H.264	1920x1080	25i	5300	AC3 5.1ch	448
1574	14	TVSN	264	518	690		MPEG2	720x576	25i	2000	MP2 2.0ch	192
1577	15	SpreeTV	265	520	700		MPEG2	720x576	25i	1900	MP2 2.0ch	192
545	2	ABC	256	512	650	576	MPEG2	720x576	25i	4300	MP2 2.0ch	256
546	22	ABC2/KIDS	257	2307	2308	2310	MPEG2	720x576	25i	3500	MP2 2.0ch	256
548	23	ABC3	262	2311	2312	2313	MPEG2	720x576	25i	3600	MP2 2.0ch	256
544	24	ABC News 24	258	2314	2315	2316	MPEG2	1280x720	50p	7300	AC3 2.0ch	256

Radio Services

SID	LCN	Channel Name	PMT	APID	Codec/CH	Bitrate (kbps)
782	37	SBS Radio 1	1027	201	MP2 2.0ch	128
783	38	SBS Radio 2	1028	202	MP2 2.0ch	128
784	39	SBS Radio 3	1029	203	MP2 2.0ch	128
550	200	Double J	260	2317	MP2 2.0ch	128
551	201	ABC Jazz	261	2318	MP2 2.0ch	128

Notes

All audio sample rates are 48 kHz
All video has a DAR of 16:9 regardless of SAR
All 25i (interlaced) video can be frame doubled to 50 fps and most live content are recorded and broadcast at 50fps
The video bitrate mentioned is the average bitrate over the period of 1 hour, rounded to the nearest hundred kbps.
Virtual services (such as channels 1, 21, 70, 71, 9, 99) have been omitted as they do not take up any extra audio/video bandwidth
Some older DVB-T devices may not be able to decode H.264 and thus will show no video or fail with an error message.

Channel Bitrate Comparison

Detailed Transport Stream Attributes

Seven Network (1282)

General
ID                          : 1282 (0x502)
Format                      : MPEG-TS
Overall bit rate mode       : Constant
Overall bit rate            : 23.1 Mbps
Network name                : Seven Network

Video #1
ID                          : 513 (0x201)
Menu ID                     : 1312 (0x520) / 1313 (0x521) / 1316 (0x524)
Format                      : MPEG Video
Format version              : Version 2
Format profile              : Main@Main
Format settings, BVOP       : Yes
Format settings, Matrix     : Custom
Format settings, GOP        : Variable
Format settings, picture st : Frame
Codec ID                    : 2
Bit rate mode               : Variable
Maximum bit rate            : 15.0 Mbps
Width                       : 720 pixels
Height                      : 576 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Frame rate                  : 25.000 fps
Standard                    : PAL
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : Interlaced
Scan order                  : Top Field First
Compression mode            : Lossy

Video #2
ID                          : 545 (0x221)
Menu ID                     : 1314 (0x522)
Format                      : MPEG Video
Format version              : Version 2
Format profile              : Main@Main
Format settings, BVOP       : Yes
Format settings, Matrix     : Custom
Format settings, GOP        : Variable
Format settings, picture st : Frame
Codec ID                    : 2
Bit rate mode               : Variable
Maximum bit rate            : 15.0 Mbps
Width                       : 720 pixels
Height                      : 576 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Frame rate                  : 25.000 fps
Standard                    : PAL
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : Interlaced
Scan order                  : Top Field First
Compression mode            : Lossy

Video #3
ID                          : 561 (0x231)
Menu ID                     : 1315 (0x523)
Format                      : MPEG Video
Format version              : Version 2
Format profile              : Main@High
Format settings, BVOP       : Yes
Format settings, Matrix     : Custom
Format settings, GOP        : Variable
Format settings, picture st : Frame
Codec ID                    : 2
Bit rate mode               : Variable
Maximum bit rate            : 15.0 Mbps
Width                       : 1 440 pixels
Height                      : 1 080 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Frame rate                  : 25.000 fps
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : Interlaced
Scan order                  : Top Field First
Compression mode            : Lossy

Video #4
ID                          : 593 (0x251)
Menu ID                     : 1317 (0x525)
Format                      : AVC
Format/Info                 : Advanced Video Codec
Format profile              : Main@L3.1
Format settings, CABAC      : Yes
Format settings, ReFrames   : 4 frames
Codec ID                    : 27
Width                       : 720 pixels
Height                      : 576 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Frame rate                  : 25.000 fps
Standard                    : PAL
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : MBAFF
Scan type, store method     : Interleaved fields
Scan order                  : Top Field First

Video #5
ID                          : 625 (0x271)
Menu ID                     : 1319 (0x527)
Format                      : AVC
Format/Info                 : Advanced Video Codec
Format profile              : Main@L3
Format settings, CABAC      : Yes
Format settings, ReFrames   : 4 frames
Codec ID                    : 27
Width                       : 528 pixels
Height                      : 576 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Frame rate                  : 25.000 fps
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : MBAFF
Scan type, store method     : Separated fields
Scan order                  : Top Field First
Color range                 : Limited
Color primaries             : BT.601 PAL
Transfer characteristics    : BT.470 System B, BT.470 System G
Matrix coefficients         : BT.601

Video #6
ID                          : 641 (0x281)
Menu ID                     : 1320 (0x528)
Format                      : AVC
Format/Info                 : Advanced Video Codec
Format profile              : Main@L3
Format settings, CABAC      : Yes
Format settings, ReFrames   : 4 frames
Codec ID                    : 27
Width                       : 640 pixels
Height                      : 576 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Frame rate                  : 25.000 fps
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : MBAFF
Scan type, store method     : Interleaved fields
Scan order                  : Top Field First

Audio #1
ID                          : 514 (0x202)
Menu ID                     : 1312 (0x520) / 1313 (0x521) / 1316 (0x524)
Format                      : MPEG Audio
Format version              : Version 1
Format profile              : Layer 2
Mode                        : Joint stereo
Mode extension              : Intensity Stereo + MS Stereo
Codec ID                    : 3
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 256 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : -180ms
Stream size                 : 135 MiB (1%)
Language                    : English

Audio #2
ID                          : 546 (0x222)
Menu ID                     : 1314 (0x522)
Format                      : MPEG Audio
Format version              : Version 1
Format profile              : Layer 2
Mode                        : Joint stereo
Mode extension              : Intensity Stereo + MS Stereo
Codec ID                    : 3
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 192 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : -180ms
Stream size                 : 101 MiB (1%)
Language                    : English

Audio #3
ID                          : 563 (0x233)
Menu ID                     : 1315 (0x523)
Format                      : AC-3
Format/Info                 : Audio Coding 3
Mode extension              : CM (complete main)
Format settings, Endianness : Big
Codec ID                    : 6
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 384 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Channel positions           : Front: L R
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Frame rate                  : 31.250 fps (1536 spf)
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : -152ms
Stream size                 : 202 MiB (2%)
Language                    : English

Audio #4
ID                          : 594 (0x252)
Menu ID                     : 1317 (0x525)
Format                      : AAC
Format/Info                 : Advanced Audio Codec
Format profile              : HE-AACv2 / HE-AAC / LC
Muxing mode                 : LATM
Codec ID                    : 17
Bit rate mode               : Variable
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels / 1 channel / 1 channel
Channel positions           : Front: L R / Front: C / Front: C
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz / 48.0 KHz / 24.0 KHz
Frame rate                  : 23.438 fps (1024 spf)
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : 68ms
Language                    : English

Audio #5
ID                          : 626 (0x272)
Menu ID                     : 1319 (0x527)
Format                      : AAC
Format/Info                 : Advanced Audio Codec
Format profile              : HE-AACv2 / HE-AAC / LC
Muxing mode                 : LATM
Codec ID                    : 17
Bit rate mode               : Variable
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels / 1 channel / 1 channel
Channel positions           : Front: L R / Front: C / Front: C
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz / 48.0 KHz / 24.0 KHz
Frame rate                  : 23.438 fps (1024 spf)
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : 3h 34mn
Language                    : English

Audio #6
ID                          : 642 (0x282)
Menu ID                     : 1320 (0x528)
Format                      : AAC
Format/Info                 : Advanced Audio Codec
Format profile              : HE-AACv2 / HE-AAC / LC
Muxing mode                 : LATM
Codec ID                    : 17
Bit rate mode               : Variable
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels / 1 channel / 1 channel
Channel positions           : Front: L R / Front: C / Front: C
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz / 48.0 KHz / 24.0 KHz
Frame rate                  : 23.438 fps (1024 spf)
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : 1h 4mn
Language                    : English

Text #1
ID                          : 516 (0x204)-801
Menu ID                     : 1312 (0x520) / 1313 (0x521) / 1316 (0x524)
Format                      : Teletext Subtitle
Language                    : English

Text #2
ID                          : 548 (0x224)-801
Menu ID                     : 1314 (0x522)
Format                      : Teletext Subtitle
Language                    : English

Text #3
ID                          : 565 (0x235)-801
Menu ID                     : 1315 (0x523)
Format                      : Teletext Subtitle
Language                    : English

Text #4
ID                          : 596 (0x254)-801
Menu ID                     : 1317 (0x525)
Format                      : Teletext Subtitle
Language                    : English

Menu #1
ID                          : 512 (0x200)
Menu ID                     : 1312 (0x520)
List                        : 513 (0x201) (MPEG Video) / 514 (0x202) (MPEG Audio, English) / 516 (0x204)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en) / 518 (0x206) () / 665 (0x299) ()
Language                    :  / English / English
Service name                : 7 Digital
Service provider            : Seven Network
Service type                : digital television

Menu #2
ID                          : 528 (0x210)
Menu ID                     : 1313 (0x521)
List                        : 513 (0x201) (MPEG Video) / 514 (0x202) (MPEG Audio, English) / 516 (0x204)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en) / 518 (0x206) () / 665 (0x299) ()
Language                    :  / English / English
Service name                : 7 Digital 1
Service provider            : Seven Network
Service type                : digital television

Menu #3
ID                          : 544 (0x220)
Menu ID                     : 1314 (0x522)
List                        : 518 (0x206) () / 545 (0x221) (MPEG Video) / 546 (0x222) (MPEG Audio, English) / 548 (0x224)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en) / 665 (0x299) ()
Language                    :  /  / English / English
Service name                : 7TWO
Service provider            : Seven Network
Service type                : digital television

Menu #4
ID                          : 560 (0x230)
Menu ID                     : 1315 (0x523)
List                        : 518 (0x206) () / 561 (0x231) (MPEG Video) / 563 (0x233) (AC-3, English) / 565 (0x235)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en) / 665 (0x299) ()
Language                    :  /  / English / English
Service name                : 7mate
Service provider            : Seven Network
Service type                : digital television

Menu #5
ID                          : 576 (0x240)
Menu ID                     : 1316 (0x524)
List                        : 513 (0x201) (MPEG Video) / 514 (0x202) (MPEG Audio, English) / 516 (0x204)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en) / 518 (0x206) () / 665 (0x299) ()
Language                    :  / English / English
Service name                : 7 Digital
Service provider            : Seven Network
Service type                : digital television

Menu #6
ID                          : 592 (0x250)
Menu ID                     : 1317 (0x525)
List                        : 518 (0x206) () / 593 (0x251) (AVC) / 594 (0x252) (AAC, English) / 596 (0x254)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en) / 665 (0x299) ()
Language                    :  /  / English / English
Service name                : 7flix
Service provider            : Seven Network
Service type                : advanced codec SD digital television

Menu #7
ID                          : 624 (0x270)
Menu ID                     : 1319 (0x527)
List                        : 625 (0x271) (AVC) / 626 (0x272) (AAC, English) / 665 (0x299) ()
Language                    :  / English
Service name                : TV4ME
Service provider            : Seven Network
Service type                : advanced codec SD digital television

Menu #8
ID                          : 640 (0x280)
Menu ID                     : 1320 (0x528)
List                        : 641 (0x281) (AVC) / 642 (0x282) (AAC, English) / 665 (0x299) ()
Language                    :  / English
Service name                : RACING.COM
Service provider            : Seven Network
Service type                : advanced codec SD digital television

SBS Network (768)

General
ID                          : 768 (0x300)
Format                      : MPEG-TS
Overall bit rate mode       : Constant
Overall bit rate            : 23.1 Mbps
Network name                : SBS Sydney
Country                     : AUS (2)
Timezone                    : +11:00:00

Video #1
ID                          : 102 (0x66)
Menu ID                     : 774 (0x306)
Format                      : MPEG Video
Format version              : Version 2
Format profile              : Main@High
Format settings, BVOP       : Yes
Format settings, Matrix     : Custom
Format settings, GOP        : Variable
Format settings, picture st : Frame
Codec ID                    : 2
Bit rate mode               : Variable
Maximum bit rate            : 80.0 Mbps
Width                       : 1 440 pixels
Height                      : 1 080 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Frame rate                  : 25.000 fps
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : Interlaced
Scan order                  : Top Field First
Compression mode            : Lossy

Video #2
ID                          : 161 (0xA1)
Menu ID                     : 769 (0x301)
Format                      : MPEG Video
Format version              : Version 2
Format profile              : Main@Main
Format settings, BVOP       : Yes
Format settings, Matrix     : Custom
Format settings, GOP        : Variable
Format settings, picture st : Frame
Codec ID                    : 2
Bit rate mode               : Variable
Maximum bit rate            : 15.0 Mbps
Width                       : 704 pixels
Height                      : 576 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Frame rate                  : 25.000 fps
Standard                    : PAL
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : Interlaced
Scan order                  : Top Field First
Compression mode            : Lossy

Video #3
ID                          : 162 (0xA2)
Menu ID                     : 770 (0x302)
Format                      : MPEG Video
Format version              : Version 2
Format profile              : Main@Main
Format settings, BVOP       : Yes
Format settings, Matrix     : Custom
Format settings, GOP        : Variable
Format settings, picture st : Frame
Codec ID                    : 2
Bit rate mode               : Variable
Maximum bit rate            : 15.0 Mbps
Width                       : 704 pixels
Height                      : 576 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Frame rate                  : 25.000 fps
Standard                    : PAL
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : Interlaced
Scan order                  : Top Field First
Compression mode            : Lossy

Video #4
ID                          : 163 (0xA3)
Menu ID                     : 772 (0x304)
Format                      : MPEG Video
Format version              : Version 2
Format profile              : Main@Main
Format settings, BVOP       : Yes
Format settings, Matrix     : Custom
Format settings, GOP        : Variable
Format settings, picture st : Frame
Codec ID                    : 2
Bit rate mode               : Variable
Maximum bit rate            : 15.0 Mbps
Width                       : 704 pixels
Height                      : 576 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Frame rate                  : 25.000 fps
Standard                    : PAL
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : Interlaced
Scan order                  : Top Field First
Compression mode            : Lossy

Video #5
ID                          : 164 (0xA4)
Menu ID                     : 773 (0x305)
Format                      : MPEG Video
Format version              : Version 2
Format profile              : Main@Main
Format settings, BVOP       : Yes
Format settings, Matrix     : Custom
Format settings, GOP        : Variable
Format settings, picture st : Frame
Codec ID                    : 2
Bit rate mode               : Variable
Maximum bit rate            : 15.0 Mbps
Width                       : 704 pixels
Height                      : 576 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Frame rate                  : 25.000 fps
Standard                    : PAL
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : Interlaced
Scan order                  : Top Field First
Compression mode            : Lossy

Audio #1
ID                          : 81 (0x51)
Menu ID                     : 769 (0x301)
Format                      : MPEG Audio
Format version              : Version 1
Format profile              : Layer 2
Codec ID                    : 4
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 192 Kbps
Maximum bit rate            : 197 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : 19h 20mn
Stream size                 : 82.7 MiB (1%)
Language                    : English

Audio #2
ID                          : 83 (0x53)
Menu ID                     : 770 (0x302)
Format                      : MPEG Audio
Format version              : Version 1
Format profile              : Layer 2
Mode                        : Joint stereo
Mode extension              : MS Stereo
Codec ID                    : 4
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 192 Kbps
Maximum bit rate            : 197 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : 19h 20mn
Stream size                 : 82.7 MiB (1%)
Language                    : English

Audio #3
ID                          : 85 (0x55)
Menu ID                     : 772 (0x304)
Format                      : MPEG Audio
Format version              : Version 1
Format profile              : Layer 2
Mode                        : Joint stereo
Mode extension              : Intensity Stereo + MS Stereo
Codec ID                    : 4
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 192 Kbps
Maximum bit rate            : 197 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : 19h 20mn
Stream size                 : 82.7 MiB (1%)
Language                    : English

Audio #4
ID                          : 87 (0x57)
Menu ID                     : 773 (0x305)
Format                      : MPEG Audio
Format version              : Version 1
Format profile              : Layer 2
Codec ID                    : 4
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 192 Kbps
Maximum bit rate            : 197 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : -2s 985ms
Stream size                 : 82.7 MiB (1%)
Language                    : English

Audio #5
ID                          : 103 (0x67)
Menu ID                     : 774 (0x306)
Format                      : MPEG Audio
Format version              : Version 1
Format profile              : Layer 2
Codec ID                    : 4
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 192 Kbps
Maximum bit rate            : 197 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : -3s 10ms
Stream size                 : 82.7 MiB (1%)
Language                    : English

Audio #6
ID                          : 201 (0xC9)
Menu ID                     : 782 (0x30E)
Format                      : MPEG Audio
Format version              : Version 1
Format profile              : Layer 2
Mode                        : Joint stereo
Codec ID                    : 4
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 128 Kbps
Maximum bit rate            : 140 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : 19h 20mn
Stream size                 : 55.1 MiB (1%)
Language                    : English

Audio #7
ID                          : 202 (0xCA)
Menu ID                     : 783 (0x30F)
Format                      : MPEG Audio
Format version              : Version 1
Format profile              : Layer 2
Mode                        : Joint stereo
Codec ID                    : 4
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 128 Kbps
Maximum bit rate            : 140 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : 19h 20mn
Stream size                 : 55.1 MiB (1%)
Language                    : English

Audio #8
ID                          : 203 (0xCB)
Menu ID                     : 784 (0x310)
Format                      : MPEG Audio
Format version              : Version 1
Format profile              : Layer 2
Mode                        : Joint stereo
Mode extension              : MS Stereo
Codec ID                    : 4
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 128 Kbps
Maximum bit rate            : 140 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : 19h 20mn
Stream size                 : 55.1 MiB (1%)
Language                    : English

Text #1
ID                          : 41 (0x29)-801
Menu ID                     : 769 (0x301)
Format                      : Teletext Subtitle
Language                    : English

Text #2
ID                          : 42 (0x2A)-801
Menu ID                     : 770 (0x302)
Format                      : Teletext Subtitle
Language                    : English

Text #3
ID                          : 43 (0x2B)-801
Menu ID                     : 774 (0x306)
Format                      : Teletext Subtitle
Language                    : English

Text #4
ID                          : 44 (0x2C)-801
Menu ID                     : 772 (0x304)
Format                      : Teletext Subtitle
Language                    : English

Text #5
ID                          : 45 (0x2D)-801
Menu ID                     : 773 (0x305)
Format                      : Teletext Subtitle
Language                    : English

Menu #1
ID                          : 1025 (0x401)
Menu ID                     : 769 (0x301)
List                        : 161 (0xA1) (MPEG Video) / 81 (0x51) (MPEG Audio, English) / 41 (0x29)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en) / 5000 (0x1388) () / 7769 (0x1E59) () / 7000 (0x1B58) ()
Language                    :  / English / English
Service name                : SBS ONE
Service provider            : SBS
Service type                : digital television
Maximum bit rate            : 7462400

Menu #2
ID                          : 1026 (0x402)
Menu ID                     : 770 (0x302)
List                        : 162 (0xA2) (MPEG Video) / 83 (0x53) (MPEG Audio, English) / 42 (0x2A)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en) / 7770 (0x1E5A) () / 5000 (0x1388) () / 7000 (0x1B58) ()
Language                    :  / English / English
Service name                : SBS TWO
Service provider            : SBS
Service type                : digital television
Maximum bit rate            : 5202400

Menu #3
ID                          : 1032 (0x408)
Menu ID                     : 772 (0x304)
List                        : 85 (0x55) (MPEG Audio, English) / 163 (0xA3) (MPEG Video) / 5000 (0x1388) () / 7769 (0x1E59) () / 7000 (0x1B58) () / 44 (0x2C)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en)
Language                    : English /  /  /  /  / English
Service name                : Food Network
Service provider            : SBS
Service type                : digital television
Maximum bit rate            : 7192400

Menu #4
ID                          : 1033 (0x409)
Menu ID                     : 773 (0x305)
List                        : 164 (0xA4) (MPEG Video) / 87 (0x57) (MPEG Audio, English) / 45 (0x2D)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en) / 7773 (0x1E5D) () / 5000 (0x1388) () / 7000 (0x1B58) ()
Language                    :  / English / English
Service name                : NITV
Service provider            : SBS
Service type                : digital television
Maximum bit rate            : 5202400

Menu #5
ID                          : 1024 (0x400)
Menu ID                     : 774 (0x306)
List                        : 102 (0x66) (MPEG Video) / 103 (0x67) (MPEG Audio, English) / 43 (0x2B)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en) / 7774 (0x1E5E) () / 5000 (0x1388) () / 7000 (0x1B58) ()
Language                    :  / English / English
Service name                : SBS HD
Service provider            : SBS
Service type                : digital television
Maximum bit rate            : 16202400

Menu #6
ID                          : 1027 (0x403)
Menu ID                     : 782 (0x30E)
List                        : 201 (0xC9) (MPEG Audio, English)
Language                    : English
Service name                : SBS Radio 1
Service provider            : SBS
Service type                : digital radio
Maximum bit rate            : 128400

Menu #7
ID                          : 1028 (0x404)
Menu ID                     : 783 (0x30F)
List                        : 202 (0xCA) (MPEG Audio, English)
Language                    : English
Service name                : SBS Radio 2
Service provider            : SBS
Service type                : digital radio
Maximum bit rate            : 128400

Menu #8
ID                          : 1029 (0x405)
Menu ID                     : 784 (0x310)
List                        : 203 (0xCB) (MPEG Audio, English)
Language                    : English
Service name                : SBS Radio 3
Service provider            : SBS
Service type                : digital radio
Maximum bit rate            : 128400

Nine Network (1056)

General
ID                          : 1056 (0x420)
Format                      : MPEG-TS
Overall bit rate mode       : Constant
Overall bit rate            : 23.1 Mbps
Network name                : Nine Network Australia
Country                     : AUS (2) / AUS (3) / AUS (4) / AUS (5) / AUS (6) / AUS (7) / AUS (8)
Timezone                    : +11:00:00 / +11:00:00 / +10:00:00 / +10:30:00 / +08:00:00 / +11:00:00 / +09:30:00

Video #1
ID                          : 512 (0x200)
Menu ID                     : 1063 (0x427)
Format                      : MPEG Video
Format version              : Version 2
Format profile              : Main@Main
Format settings, BVOP       : Yes
Format settings, Matrix     : Custom
Format settings, GOP        : Variable
Format settings, picture st : Frame
Codec ID                    : 2
Bit rate mode               : Variable
Maximum bit rate            : 15.0 Mbps
Width                       : 720 pixels
Height                      : 576 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Frame rate                  : 25.000 fps
Standard                    : PAL
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : Interlaced
Scan order                  : Top Field First
Compression mode            : Lossy

Video #2
ID                          : 513 (0x201)
Menu ID                     : 1058 (0x422)
Format                      : AVC
Format/Info                 : Advanced Video Codec
Format version              : Version 2
Format profile              : High@L4
Format settings, CABAC      : Yes
Format settings, ReFrames   : 4 frames
Codec ID                    : 27
Maximum bit rate            : 15.0 Mbps
Width                       : 1 920 pixels
Height                      : 1 080 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Frame rate                  : 25.000 fps
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : Interlaced
Scan type, store method     : Separated fields
Scan order                  : Top Field First
Color range                 : Limited
Color primaries             : BT.709
Transfer characteristics    : BT.709
Matrix coefficients         : BT.709

Video #3
ID                          : 517 (0x205)
Menu ID                     : 1064 (0x428) / 1059 (0x423)
Format                      : MPEG Video
Format version              : Version 2
Format profile              : Main@Main
Format settings, BVOP       : Yes
Format settings, Matrix     : Custom
Format settings, GOP        : Variable
Format settings, picture st : Frame
Codec ID                    : 2
Bit rate mode               : Variable
Maximum bit rate            : 15.0 Mbps
Width                       : 720 pixels
Height                      : 576 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Frame rate                  : 25.000 fps
Standard                    : PAL
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : Interlaced
Scan order                  : Top Field First
Compression mode            : Lossy

Video #4
ID                          : 519 (0x207)
Menu ID                     : 1062 (0x426) / 1057 (0x421)
Format                      : MPEG Video
Format version              : Version 2
Format profile              : Main@Main
Format settings, BVOP       : Yes
Format settings, Matrix     : Custom
Format settings, GOP        : Variable
Format settings, picture st : Frame
Codec ID                    : 2
Bit rate mode               : Variable
Maximum bit rate            : 15.0 Mbps
Width                       : 720 pixels
Height                      : 576 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Frame rate                  : 25.000 fps
Standard                    : PAL
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : Interlaced
Scan order                  : Top Field First
Compression mode            : Lossy

Video #5
ID                          : 520 (0x208)
Menu ID                     : 1060 (0x424)
Format                      : MPEG Video
Format version              : Version 2
Format profile              : Main@Main
Format settings, BVOP       : Yes
Format settings, Matrix     : Custom
Format settings, GOP        : Variable
Format settings, picture st : Frame
Codec ID                    : 2
Bit rate mode               : Variable
Maximum bit rate            : 15.0 Mbps
Width                       : 720 pixels
Height                      : 576 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Frame rate                  : 25.000 fps
Standard                    : PAL
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : Interlaced
Scan order                  : Top Field First
Compression mode            : Lossy

Video #6
ID                          : 521 (0x209)
Menu ID                     : 1061 (0x425)
Format                      : MPEG Video
Format version              : Version 2
Format profile              : Main@Main
Format settings, BVOP       : Yes
Format settings, Matrix     : Custom
Format settings, GOP        : Variable
Format settings, picture st : Frame
Codec ID                    : 2
Bit rate mode               : Variable
Maximum bit rate            : 15.0 Mbps
Width                       : 720 pixels
Height                      : 576 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Frame rate                  : 25.000 fps
Standard                    : PAL
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : Interlaced
Scan order                  : Top Field First
Compression mode            : Lossy

Audio #1
ID                          : 650 (0x28A)
Menu ID                     : 1058 (0x422)
Format                      : AC-3
Format/Info                 : Audio Coding 3
Mode extension              : CM (complete main)
Format settings, Endianness : Big
Codec ID                    : 6
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 448 Kbps
Maximum bit rate            : 461 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 6 channels
Channel positions           : Front: L C R, Side: L R, LFE
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Frame rate                  : 31.250 fps (1536 spf)
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : -16s 176ms
Stream size                 : 186 MiB (2%)
Language                    : English

Audio #2
ID                          : 700 (0x2BC)
Menu ID                     : 1064 (0x428) / 1059 (0x423)
Format                      : MPEG Audio
Format version              : Version 1
Format profile              : Layer 2
Codec ID                    : 4
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 192 Kbps
Maximum bit rate            : 201 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : 4h 35mn
Stream size                 : 79.7 MiB (1%)
Language                    : English

Audio #3
ID                          : 710 (0x2C6)
Menu ID                     : 1063 (0x427)
Format                      : MPEG Audio
Format version              : Version 1
Format profile              : Layer 2
Codec ID                    : 4
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 192 Kbps
Maximum bit rate            : 201 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : -448ms
Stream size                 : 79.7 MiB (1%)
Language                    : English

Audio #4
ID                          : 720 (0x2D0)
Menu ID                     : 1062 (0x426) / 1057 (0x421)
Format                      : MPEG Audio
Format version              : Version 1
Format profile              : Layer 2
Codec ID                    : 4
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 256 Kbps
Maximum bit rate            : 264 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : 4h 35mn
Stream size                 : 106 MiB (1%)
Language                    : English

Audio #5
ID                          : 730 (0x2DA)
Menu ID                     : 1060 (0x424)
Format                      : MPEG Audio
Format version              : Version 1
Format profile              : Layer 2
Codec ID                    : 4
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 192 Kbps
Maximum bit rate            : 201 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : -264ms
Stream size                 : 79.7 MiB (1%)
Language                    : English

Audio #6
ID                          : 740 (0x2E4)
Menu ID                     : 1061 (0x425)
Format                      : MPEG Audio
Format version              : Version 1
Format profile              : Layer 2
Codec ID                    : 4
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 192 Kbps
Maximum bit rate            : 201 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : 4h 32mn
Stream size                 : 79.7 MiB (1%)
Language                    : English

Text #1
ID                          : 576 (0x240)-801
Menu ID                     : 1063 (0x427)
Format                      : Teletext Subtitle
Language                    : English

Text #2
ID                          : 577 (0x241)-801
Menu ID                     : 1058 (0x422)
Format                      : Teletext Subtitle
Language                    : English

Text #3
ID                          : 578 (0x242)-801
Menu ID                     : 1060 (0x424)
Format                      : Teletext Subtitle
Language                    : English

Text #4
ID                          : 581 (0x245)-801
Menu ID                     : 1064 (0x428) / 1059 (0x423)
Format                      : Teletext Subtitle
Language                    : English

Text #5
ID                          : 583 (0x247)-801
Menu ID                     : 1062 (0x426) / 1057 (0x421)
Format                      : Teletext Subtitle
Language                    : English

Menu #1
ID                          : 256 (0x100)
Menu ID                     : 1057 (0x421)
List                        : 519 (0x207) (MPEG Video) / 720 (0x2D0) (MPEG Audio, English) / 583 (0x247)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en) / 2305 (0x901) () / 801 (0x321) () / 802 (0x322) () / 803 (0x323) ()
Language                    :  / English / English
Service name                : Channel 9 Sydney
Service provider            : Nine Network Australia
Service type                : digital television
Maximum bit rate            : 10888800

Menu #2
ID                          : 257 (0x101)
Menu ID                     : 1058 (0x422)
List                        : 513 (0x201) (AVC) / 650 (0x28A) (AC-3, English) / 577 (0x241)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en) / 2305 (0x901) () / 801 (0x321) () / 802 (0x322) () / 803 (0x323) ()
Language                    :  / English / English
Service name                : 9HD Sydney
Service provider            : Nine Network Australia
Service type                : advanced codec HD digital television
Maximum bit rate            : 15580000

Menu #3
ID                          : 258 (0x102)
Menu ID                     : 1059 (0x423)
List                        : 517 (0x205) (MPEG Video) / 700 (0x2BC) (MPEG Audio, English) / 581 (0x245)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en) / 2305 (0x901) () / 801 (0x321) () / 802 (0x322) () / 803 (0x323) ()
Language                    :  / English / English
Service name                : 9Go!
Service provider            : Nine Network Australia
Service type                : digital television
Maximum bit rate            : 6320000

Menu #4
ID                          : 259 (0x103)
Menu ID                     : 1060 (0x424)
List                        : 520 (0x208) (MPEG Video) / 730 (0x2DA) (MPEG Audio, English) / 578 (0x242)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en) / 2305 (0x901) () / 801 (0x321) () / 802 (0x322) () / 803 (0x323) ()
Language                    :  / English / English
Service name                : 9Life
Service provider            : Nine Network Australia
Service type                : digital television
Maximum bit rate            : 6320000

Menu #5
ID                          : 260 (0x104)
Menu ID                     : 1061 (0x425)
List                        : 521 (0x209) (MPEG Video) / 740 (0x2E4) (MPEG Audio, English) / 2305 (0x901) () / 801 (0x321) () / 802 (0x322) () / 803 (0x323) ()
Language                    :  / English
Service name                : Extra
Service provider            : Nine Network Australia
Service type                : digital television
Maximum bit rate            : 2044800

Menu #6
ID                          : 261 (0x105)
Menu ID                     : 1062 (0x426)
List                        : 519 (0x207) (MPEG Video) / 720 (0x2D0) (MPEG Audio, English) / 583 (0x247)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en) / 2305 (0x901) () / 801 (0x321) () / 802 (0x322) () / 803 (0x323) ()
Language                    :  / English / English
Service name                : Channel 9 Sydney
Service provider            : Nine Network Australia
Service type                : digital television
Maximum bit rate            : 44000

Menu #7
ID                          : 262 (0x106)
Menu ID                     : 1063 (0x427)
List                        : 512 (0x200) (MPEG Video) / 710 (0x2C6) (MPEG Audio, English) / 576 (0x240)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en) / 2305 (0x901) () / 801 (0x321) () / 802 (0x322) () / 803 (0x323) ()
Language                    :  / English / English
Service name                : 9Gem
Service provider            : Nine Network Australia
Service type                : digital television
Maximum bit rate            : 6320000

Menu #8
ID                          : 263 (0x107)
Menu ID                     : 1064 (0x428)
List                        : 517 (0x205) (MPEG Video) / 700 (0x2BC) (MPEG Audio, English) / 581 (0x245)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en) / 2305 (0x901) () / 801 (0x321) () / 802 (0x322) () / 803 (0x323) ()
Language                    :  / English / English
Service name                : 9Go!
Service provider            : Nine Network Australia
Service type                : digital television
Maximum bit rate            : 44000

Ten Network (1538)

General
ID                          : 1538 (0x602)
Format                      : MPEG-TS
Overall bit rate mode       : Constant
Overall bit rate            : 23.1 Mbps
Network name                : Network TEN
Country                     : AUS (2) / AUS (3) / AUS (4) / AUS (5) / AUS (6) / AUS (7) / AUS (8)
Timezone                    : +11:00:00 / +11:00:00 / +10:00:00 / +10:30:00 / +08:00:00 / +11:00:00 / +09:30:00

Video #1
ID                          : 511 (0x1FF)
Menu ID                     : 1572 (0x624)
Format                      : AVC
Format/Info                 : Advanced Video Codec
Format profile              : Main@L4
Format settings, CABAC      : Yes
Format settings, ReFrames   : 4 frames
Format settings, GOP        : M=4, N=24
Codec ID                    : 27
Maximum bit rate            : 6 001 Kbps
Width                       : 1 920 pixels
Height                      : 1 080 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Frame rate                  : 25.000 fps
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : Interlaced
Scan type, store method     : Separated fields
Scan order                  : Top Field First
Color range                 : Limited
Color primaries             : BT.709
Transfer characteristics    : BT.709
Matrix coefficients         : BT.709

Video #2
ID                          : 512 (0x200)
Menu ID                     : 1573 (0x625)
Format                      : MPEG Video
Format version              : Version 2
Format profile              : Main@Main
Format settings, BVOP       : Yes
Format settings, Matrix     : Custom
Format settings, GOP        : Variable
Format settings, picture st : Frame
Codec ID                    : 2
Bit rate mode               : Variable
Maximum bit rate            : 15.0 Mbps
Width                       : 720 pixels
Height                      : 576 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Active Format Description   : Full frame 16:9 image
Frame rate                  : 25.000 fps
Standard                    : PAL
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : Interlaced
Scan order                  : Top Field First
Compression mode            : Lossy

Video #3
ID                          : 514 (0x202)
Menu ID                     : 1575 (0x627) / 1569 (0x621)
Format                      : MPEG Video
Format version              : Version 2
Format profile              : Main@Main
Format settings, BVOP       : Yes
Format settings, Matrix     : Custom
Format settings, GOP        : Variable
Format settings, picture st : Frame
Codec ID                    : 2
Bit rate mode               : Variable
Maximum bit rate            : 15.0 Mbps
Width                       : 720 pixels
Height                      : 576 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Active Format Description   : Full frame 16:9 image
Frame rate                  : 25.000 fps
Standard                    : PAL
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : Interlaced
Scan order                  : Top Field First
Compression mode            : Lossy

Video #4
ID                          : 516 (0x204)
Menu ID                     : 1576 (0x628)
Format                      : MPEG Video
Format version              : Version 2
Format profile              : Main@Main
Format settings, BVOP       : Yes
Format settings, Matrix     : Custom
Format settings, GOP        : Variable
Format settings, picture st : Frame
Codec ID                    : 2
Bit rate mode               : Variable
Maximum bit rate            : 15.0 Mbps
Width                       : 720 pixels
Height                      : 576 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Active Format Description   : Full frame 16:9 image
Frame rate                  : 25.000 fps
Standard                    : PAL
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : Interlaced
Scan order                  : Top Field First
Compression mode            : Lossy

Video #5
ID                          : 518 (0x206)
Menu ID                     : 1574 (0x626)
Format                      : MPEG Video
Format version              : Version 2
Format profile              : Main@Main
Format settings, BVOP       : Yes
Format settings, Matrix     : Custom
Format settings, GOP        : M=3, N=24
Format settings, picture st : Frame
Codec ID                    : 2
Bit rate mode               : Variable
Maximum bit rate            : 15.0 Mbps
Width                       : 720 pixels
Height                      : 576 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Active Format Description   : Full frame 16:9 image
Frame rate                  : 25.000 fps
Standard                    : PAL
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : Interlaced
Scan order                  : Top Field First
Compression mode            : Lossy

Video #6
ID                          : 520 (0x208)
Menu ID                     : 1577 (0x629)
Format                      : MPEG Video
Format version              : Version 2
Format profile              : Main@Main
Format settings, BVOP       : Yes
Format settings, Matrix     : Custom
Format settings, GOP        : Variable
Format settings, picture st : Frame
Codec ID                    : 2
Bit rate mode               : Variable
Maximum bit rate            : 15.0 Mbps
Width                       : 720 pixels
Height                      : 576 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Active Format Description   : Full frame 16:9 image
Frame rate                  : 25.000 fps
Standard                    : PAL
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : Interlaced
Scan order                  : Top Field First
Compression mode            : Lossy

Audio #1
ID                          : 649 (0x289)
Menu ID                     : 1572 (0x624)
Format                      : AC-3
Format/Info                 : Audio Coding 3
Mode extension              : CM (complete main)
Format settings, Endianness : Big
Codec ID                    : 6
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 448 Kbps
Maximum bit rate            : 459 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 6 channels
Channel positions           : Front: L C R, Side: L R, LFE
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Frame rate                  : 31.250 fps (1536 spf)
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : -396ms
Stream size                 : 196 MiB (2%)
Language                    : English

Audio #2
ID                          : 650 (0x28A)
Menu ID                     : 1573 (0x625)
Format                      : MPEG Audio
Format version              : Version 1
Format profile              : Layer 2
Codec ID                    : 4
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 256 Kbps
Maximum bit rate            : 262 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : -9h 15mn
Stream size                 : 112 MiB (1%)
Language                    : English

Audio #3
ID                          : 672 (0x2A0)
Menu ID                     : 1575 (0x627) / 1569 (0x621)
Format                      : MPEG Audio
Format version              : Version 1
Format profile              : Layer 2
Codec ID                    : 3
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 192 Kbps
Maximum bit rate            : 206 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : -2h 26mn
Stream size                 : 84.1 MiB (1%)
Language                    : English

Audio #4
ID                          : 681 (0x2A9)
Menu ID                     : 1576 (0x628)
Format                      : MPEG Audio
Format version              : Version 1
Format profile              : Layer 2
Mode                        : Joint stereo
Codec ID                    : 4
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 192 Kbps
Maximum bit rate            : 197 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : -9h 15mn
Stream size                 : 84.1 MiB (1%)
Language                    : English

Audio #5
ID                          : 690 (0x2B2)
Menu ID                     : 1574 (0x626)
Format                      : MPEG Audio
Format version              : Version 1
Format profile              : Layer 2
Mode                        : Joint stereo
Codec ID                    : 4
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 192 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : -524ms
Stream size                 : 84.1 MiB (1%)
Language                    : English

Audio #6
ID                          : 700 (0x2BC)
Menu ID                     : 1577 (0x629)
Format                      : MPEG Audio
Format version              : Version 1
Format profile              : Layer 2
Mode                        : Joint stereo
Mode extension              : Intensity Stereo
Codec ID                    : 4
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 192 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : -516ms
Stream size                 : 84.1 MiB (1%)
Language                    : English

Text #1
ID                          : 575 (0x23F)-801
Menu ID                     : 1572 (0x624)
Format                      : Teletext Subtitle
Language                    : English

Text #2
ID                          : 576 (0x240)-801
Menu ID                     : 1573 (0x625)
Format                      : Teletext Subtitle
Language                    : English

Text #3
ID                          : 577 (0x241)-801
Menu ID                     : 1575 (0x627) / 1569 (0x621)
Format                      : Teletext Subtitle
Language                    : English

Text #4
ID                          : 578 (0x242)-801
Menu ID                     : 1576 (0x628)
Format                      : Teletext Subtitle
Language                    : English

Menu #1
ID                          : 257 (0x101)
Menu ID                     : 1569 (0x621)
List                        : 8146 (0x1FD2) () / 1000 (0x3E8) () / 1010 (0x3F2) () / 1020 (0x3FC) () / 514 (0x202) (MPEG Video) / 672 (0x2A0) (MPEG Audio, English) / 577 (0x241)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en)
Language                    :  /  /  /  /  / English / English
Service name                : ONE
Service provider            : TEN Sydney
Service type                : digital television
Maximum bit rate            : 6745200

Menu #2
ID                          : 153 (0x99)
Menu ID                     : 1572 (0x624)
List                        : 511 (0x1FF) (AVC) / 649 (0x289) (AC-3, English) / 575 (0x23F)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en) / 8146 (0x1FD2) () / 1002 (0x3EA) () / 1012 (0x3F4) () / 1022 (0x3FE) ()
Language                    :  / English / English
Service name                : TEN HD
Service provider            : TEN Sydney
Service type                : advanced codec HD digital television
Maximum bit rate            : 6492400

Menu #3
ID                          : 256 (0x100)
Menu ID                     : 1573 (0x625)
List                        : 512 (0x200) (MPEG Video) / 650 (0x28A) (MPEG Audio, English) / 576 (0x240)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en) / 8146 (0x1FD2) () / 1002 (0x3EA) () / 1012 (0x3F4) () / 1022 (0x3FE) ()
Language                    :  / English / English
Service name                : TEN Digital
Service provider            : TEN Sydney
Service type                : digital television
Maximum bit rate            : 7050400

Menu #4
ID                          : 264 (0x108)
Menu ID                     : 1574 (0x626)
List                        : 518 (0x206) (MPEG Video) / 690 (0x2B2) (MPEG Audio, English) / 8146 (0x1FD2) () / 1003 (0x3EB) () / 1013 (0x3F5) () / 1023 (0x3FF) ()
Language                    :  / English
Service name                : TVSN
Service provider            : TEN Sydney
Service type                : digital television
Maximum bit rate            : 2736000

Menu #5
ID                          : 262 (0x106)
Menu ID                     : 1575 (0x627)
List                        : 514 (0x202) (MPEG Video) / 672 (0x2A0) (MPEG Audio, English) / 577 (0x241)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en) / 8146 (0x1FD2) () / 1000 (0x3E8) () / 1010 (0x3F2) () / 1020 (0x3FC) ()
Language                    :  / English / English
Service name                : ONE
Service provider            : TEN Sydney
Service type                : digital television
Maximum bit rate            : 44000

Menu #6
ID                          : 263 (0x107)
Menu ID                     : 1576 (0x628)
List                        : 516 (0x204) (MPEG Video) / 681 (0x2A9) (MPEG Audio, English) / 578 (0x242)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en) / 8146 (0x1FD2) () / 1001 (0x3E9) () / 1011 (0x3F3) () / 1021 (0x3FD) ()
Language                    :  / English / English
Service name                : ELEVEN
Service provider            : TEN Sydney
Service type                : digital television
Maximum bit rate            : 6736400

Menu #7
ID                          : 265 (0x109)
Menu ID                     : 1577 (0x629)
List                        : 520 (0x208) (MPEG Video) / 700 (0x2BC) (MPEG Audio, English) / 8146 (0x1FD2) () / 1004 (0x3EC) () / 1014 (0x3F6) () / 1024 (0x400) ()
Language                    :  / English
Service name                : SpreeTV
Service provider            : TEN Sydney
Service type                : digital television
Maximum bit rate            : 2236000

ABC Network (545)

General
ID                          : 545 (0x221)
Format                      : MPEG-TS
Overall bit rate mode       : Constant
Overall bit rate            : 23.1 Mbps
Network name                : ABC Sydney
Country                     : AUS (1) / AUS (2) / AUS (3) / AUS (4) / AUS (5) / AUS (6) / AUS (7) / AUS (8)
Timezone                    : +10:00:00 / +11:00:00 / +11:00:00 / +10:00:00 / +10:30:00 / +08:00:00 / +11:00:00 / +09:30:00

Video #1
ID                          : 512 (0x200)
Menu ID                     : 545 (0x221) / 547 (0x223)
Format                      : MPEG Video
Format version              : Version 2
Format profile              : Main@Main
Format settings, BVOP       : Yes
Format settings, Matrix     : Custom
Format settings, GOP        : M=3, N=12
Format settings, picture st : Frame
Codec ID                    : 2
Bit rate mode               : Variable
Maximum bit rate            : 10 000 Kbps
Width                       : 720 pixels
Height                      : 576 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Frame rate                  : 25.000 fps
Standard                    : PAL
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : Interlaced
Scan order                  : Top Field First
Compression mode            : Lossy
Time code of first frame    : 04:47:56:18
Time code source            : Group of pictures header
GOP, Open/Closed            : Open

Video #2
ID                          : 2307 (0x903)
Menu ID                     : 546 (0x222)
Format                      : MPEG Video
Format version              : Version 2
Format profile              : Main@Main
Format settings, BVOP       : Yes
Format settings, Matrix     : Custom
Format settings, GOP        : M=3, N=12
Format settings, picture st : Frame
Codec ID                    : 2
Bit rate mode               : Variable
Maximum bit rate            : 10 000 Kbps
Width                       : 720 pixels
Height                      : 576 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Frame rate                  : 25.000 fps
Standard                    : PAL
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : Interlaced
Scan order                  : Top Field First
Compression mode            : Lossy
Time code of first frame    : 18:01:53:13
Time code source            : Group of pictures header
GOP, Open/Closed            : Open

Video #3
ID                          : 2311 (0x907)
Menu ID                     : 548 (0x224)
Format                      : MPEG Video
Format version              : Version 2
Format profile              : Main@Main
Format settings, BVOP       : Yes
Format settings, Matrix     : Custom
Format settings, GOP        : Variable
Format settings, picture st : Frame
Codec ID                    : 2
Bit rate mode               : Variable
Maximum bit rate            : 10 000 Kbps
Width                       : 720 pixels
Height                      : 576 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Frame rate                  : 25.000 fps
Standard                    : PAL
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : Interlaced
Scan order                  : Top Field First
Compression mode            : Lossy
Time code of first frame    : 09:23:01:18
Time code source            : Group of pictures header
GOP, Open/Closed            : Open

Video #4
ID                          : 2314 (0x90A)
Menu ID                     : 544 (0x220)
Format                      : MPEG Video
Format version              : Version 2
Format profile              : Main@High
Format settings, BVOP       : Yes
Format settings, Matrix     : Custom
Format settings, GOP        : M=3, N=24
Codec ID                    : 2
Bit rate mode               : Variable
Maximum bit rate            : 90.0 Mbps
Width                       : 1 280 pixels
Height                      : 720 pixels
Display aspect ratio        : 16:9
Frame rate                  : 50.000 fps
Standard                    : Component
Color space                 : YUV
Chroma subsampling          : 4:2:0
Bit depth                   : 8 bits
Scan type                   : Progressive
Compression mode            : Lossy
Time code of first frame    : 17:58:43:11
Time code source            : Group of pictures header
GOP, Open/Closed            : Open

Audio #1
ID                          : 650 (0x28A)
Menu ID                     : 545 (0x221) / 547 (0x223)
Format                      : MPEG Audio
Format version              : Version 1
Format profile              : Layer 2
Codec ID                    : 4
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 256 Kbps
Maximum bit rate            : 288 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : -512ms
Stream size                 : 106 MiB (1%)
Language                    : English

Audio #2
ID                          : 2308 (0x904)
Menu ID                     : 546 (0x222)
Format                      : MPEG Audio
Format version              : Version 1
Format profile              : Layer 2
Codec ID                    : 4
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 256 Kbps
Maximum bit rate            : 288 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : -45mn 49s
Stream size                 : 106 MiB (1%)
Language                    : English

Audio #3
ID                          : 2312 (0x908)
Menu ID                     : 548 (0x224)
Format                      : MPEG Audio
Format version              : Version 1
Format profile              : Layer 2
Codec ID                    : 4
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 256 Kbps
Maximum bit rate            : 288 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : 8mn 35s
Stream size                 : 106 MiB (1%)
Language                    : English

Audio #4
ID                          : 2315 (0x90B)
Menu ID                     : 544 (0x220)
Format                      : AC-3
Format/Info                 : Audio Coding 3
Mode extension              : CM (complete main)
Format settings, Endianness : Big
Codec ID                    : 6
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 256 Kbps
Maximum bit rate            : 128 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Channel positions           : Front: L R
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Frame rate                  : 31.250 fps (1536 spf)
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : -48mn 13s
Stream size                 : 106 MiB (1%)
Language                    : English

Audio #5
ID                          : 2317 (0x90D)
Menu ID                     : 550 (0x226)
Format                      : MPEG Audio
Format version              : Version 1
Format profile              : Layer 2
Codec ID                    : 4
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 128 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : 1h 15mn
Stream size                 : 52.8 MiB (1%)
Language                    : English

Audio #6
ID                          : 2318 (0x90E)
Menu ID                     : 551 (0x227)
Format                      : MPEG Audio
Format version              : Version 1
Format profile              : Layer 2
Codec ID                    : 4
Bit rate mode               : Constant
Bit rate                    : 128 Kbps
Channel(s)                  : 2 channels
Sampling rate               : 48.0 KHz
Compression mode            : Lossy
Delay relative to video     : 1h 15mn
Stream size                 : 52.8 MiB (1%)
Language                    : English

Text #1
ID                          : 576 (0x240)-801
Menu ID                     : 545 (0x221) / 547 (0x223)
Format                      : Teletext Subtitle
Language                    : English

Text #2
ID                          : 2310 (0x906)-801
Menu ID                     : 546 (0x222)
Format                      : Teletext Subtitle
Language                    : English

Text #3
ID                          : 2313 (0x909)-801
Menu ID                     : 548 (0x224)
Format                      : Teletext Subtitle
Language                    : English

Text #4
ID                          : 2316 (0x90C)-801
Menu ID                     : 544 (0x220)
Format                      : Teletext Subtitle
Language                    : English

Menu #1
ID                          : 258 (0x102)
Menu ID                     : 544 (0x220)
List                        : 2314 (0x90A) (MPEG Video) / 2315 (0x90B) (AC-3, English) / 2316 (0x90C)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en) / 5000 (0x1388) () / 5501 (0x157D) () / 5500 (0x157C) ()
Language                    :  / English / English
Service name                : ABC News 24
Service provider            : ABC
Service type                : digital television
Maximum bit rate            : 12132800

Menu #2
ID                          : 256 (0x100)
Menu ID                     : 545 (0x221)
List                        : 512 (0x200) (MPEG Video) / 650 (0x28A) (MPEG Audio, English) / 576 (0x240)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en) / 5000 (0x1388) () / 5501 (0x157D) () / 5500 (0x157C) ()
Language                    :  / English / English
Service name                : ABC
Service provider            : ABC
Service type                : digital television
Maximum bit rate            : 7322400

Menu #3
ID                          : 257 (0x101)
Menu ID                     : 546 (0x222)
List                        : 2307 (0x903) (MPEG Video) / 2308 (0x904) (MPEG Audio, English) / 2310 (0x906)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en) / 5000 (0x1388) () / 5501 (0x157D) () / 5500 (0x157C) ()
Language                    :  / English / English
Service name                : ABC2/KIDS
Service provider            : ABC
Service type                : digital television
Maximum bit rate            : 6521200

Menu #4
ID                          : 259 (0x103)
Menu ID                     : 547 (0x223)
List                        : 5000 (0x1388) () / 5501 (0x157D) () / 5500 (0x157C) () / 650 (0x28A) (MPEG Audio, English) / 512 (0x200) (MPEG Video) / 576 (0x240)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en)
Language                    :  /  /  / English /  / English
Service name                : ABC
Service provider            : ABC
Service type                : digital television
Maximum bit rate            : 334400

Menu #5
ID                          : 262 (0x106)
Menu ID                     : 548 (0x224)
List                        : 2311 (0x907) (MPEG Video) / 2312 (0x908) (MPEG Audio, English) / 2313 (0x909)-801 (Teletext Subtitle, en) / 5000 (0x1388) () / 5501 (0x157D) () / 5500 (0x157C) ()
Language                    :  / English / English
Service name                : ABC3
Service provider            : ABC
Service type                : digital television
Maximum bit rate            : 6537200

Menu #6
ID                          : 260 (0x104)
Menu ID                     : 550 (0x226)
List                        : 2317 (0x90D) (MPEG Audio, English) / 5501 (0x157D) () / 5500 (0x157C) ()
Language                    : English
Service name                : Double J
Service provider            : ABC
Service type                : digital radio
Maximum bit rate            : 172000


Menu #7
ID                          : 261 (0x105)
Menu ID                     : 551 (0x227)
List                        : 2318 (0x90E) (MPEG Audio, English) / 5501 (0x157D) () / 5500 (0x157C) ()
Language                    : English
Service name                : ABC Jazz
Service provider            : ABC
Service type                : digital radio
Maximum bit rate            : 172000

Streaming/Watching Digital TV (DVB-T) with VLC

Wed, 23 Dec 2015 00:00:00 +0000

Instructions on streaming/watching digital TV with VLC

Watch DVB-T Transmissions with VLC

To watch DVB-T transmissions, you must have a DVB-T tuner with its drivers installed.

You also need a list of all the transmission frequencies for your local area. People in Sydney can refer to this article. Otherwise, Google for your local transmitters, scan for them with another program or try standard frequencies manually.

Loading DVB-T Transmissions in VLC

Open VLC
Click on the Media menu and then Open Capture Device or use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + C
Click on the dropdown menu of Capture mode and select TV - digital
Change your Delivery System if your country does not use DVB-T
Enter the transmission frequency of the channel you wish to watch into Transponder/multiplex frequency, ensuring you convert to kHz (e.g. A transmission at 177.500 MHz = 177500 kHz).
The Bandwidth option can be left on Automatic, however if the stream fails to load, try select an option (Google for the bandwidth or try each of them until one works).
Click Play or Enqueue to watch.

Determine the SID (Service/Programme ID) of a Channel

If your DVB-T transmission is by a TV Network which broadcasts multiple channels, you will need to determine the SID of each channel if you want to create a shortcut or playlist to each specific channel. People in Sydney can refer to this article

If you just want to switch between channels manually through VLC, you can load up a transmission, click on the Playback menu, select Program and then select the channel you want to switch to.

To determine the SIDs of all the channels of a specific network:

Load up a transmission
Click on the Tools menu and select Media Information
Click on the Codec tab
Ignore and scroll past all the items labelled Stream #
Look for nodes that begin with a channel name followed by a number in square brackets. The number in the brackets is the SIDs

Creating a Playlist of Channels

You can create a playlist of channels by enqueuing channels to the playlist and then saving the playlist to a file.

It may be easier to manually create the playlist file, an XML file with an .xspf extension. Attached below is a sample VLC playlist file for Sydney.

Create playlist entries by creating <track> tags inside the <trackList> tag.
Convert your transmission frequency into Hz and substitute into the <location> tag after frequency=
Ensure each <vlc:id> tag contains a unique integer, counting up.
You can specify a specific channel with the <vlc:option> tag by placing the SID after program=
Playlist entries can also be grouped with <vlc:node> tags inside the <extension> tag. The tid property for each <vlc:item> tag refers to the <vlc:id> of the tracks. Refer to the sample playlist file attached at the bottom of the page.

Streaming Channels over the Network with VLC

If you want to stream channels over the network, VLC can be used to create an HTTP server.

You can simultaneously stream any combination of channels from the same network (e.g. ABC and ABC News simultaneously).
If you want to stream channels from different television networks simultaneously (e.g. ABC News and 7mate), you will need to have more than one tuner.
VLC, for some reason, does not support virtual services. As such, you must use the SID of a non-virtual service. A virtual service is simply a duplicate channel entry with the sole purpose of allowing users to access the same channel with multiple channel numbers on the remote (e.g. in Sydney, Channel numbers 9 and 91 are the same channels).

Using VLC conf files

Save each TV network to an individual conf file.

VLC conf files must be opened with the parameter --vlm-conf. So it is recommended you create a shortcut to vlc for each conf file. e.g. "C:\Program Files\VideoLAN\VLC\vlc.exe" --vlm-conf conf_file.conf

You can only open one conf file at a time, unless you have more than one tuner (and have adjusted the dvb-adapter parameter accordingly.

You may wish to adjust the following parameters:

dvb-adapter - the index of the tuner to use
dvb-frequency - The frequency (in Hz) of the network/channel to tune
dvb-bandwidth - The bandwidth of the transmission
programs - The SIDs of channels which should be demuxed from the transmission
access - The streaming protocol to use
dst - The port and endpoint of the stream

To play the stream, start vlc with the correct conf file. Then on the client, ensure you enter the IP, port and endpoint of the stream. e.g. http://<server_ip>:8080/24 to watch ABC News 24

Sample VLC conf files for Sydney

ABC Network

new NETWORK_ABC broadcast enabled
setup NETWORK_ABC input dvb-t://
setup NETWORK_ABC option dvb-adapter=0
setup NETWORK_ABC option dvb-frequency=226500000
setup NETWORK_ABC option dvb-bandwidth=7
setup NETWORK_ABC option programs=545,546,548,544

setup NETWORK_ABC output #duplicate{dst=std{access=http,mux=ts,dst=:8080/2},select="program=545",dst=std{access=http,mux=ts,dst=:8080/22},select="program=546",dst=std{access=http,mux=ts,dst=:8080/23},select="program=548",dst=std{access=http,mux=ts,dst=:8080/24},select="program=544"}

control NETWORK_ABC play

Nine Network

new NETWORK_NINE broadcast enabled
setup NETWORK_NINE input dvb-t://
setup NETWORK_NINE option dvb-adapter=0
setup NETWORK_NINE option dvb-frequency=191625000
setup NETWORK_NINE option dvb-bandwidth=7
setup NETWORK_NINE option programs=1058,1060,1062,1063,1064

setup NETWORK_NINE output #duplicate{dst=std{access=http,mux=ts,dst=:8080/90},select="program=1058",dst=std{access=http,mux=ts,dst=:8080/91},select="program=1062",dst=std{access=http,mux=ts,dst=:8080/92},select="program=1063",dst=std{access=http,mux=ts,dst=:8080/93},select="program=1064",dst=std{access=http,mux=ts,dst=:8080/94},select="program=1060"}

control NETWORK_NINE play

SBS Network

new NETWORK_SBS broadcast enabled
setup NETWORK_SBS input dvb-t://
setup NETWORK_SBS option dvb-adapter=0
setup NETWORK_SBS option dvb-frequency=184500000
setup NETWORK_SBS option dvb-bandwidth=7
setup NETWORK_SBS option programs=769,774,770,772,773

setup NETWORK_SBS output #duplicate{dst=std{access=http,mux=ts,dst=:8080/3},select="program=769",dst=std{access=http,mux=ts,dst=:8080/30},select="program=774",dst=std{access=http,mux=ts,dst=:8080/32},select="program=770",dst=std{access=http,mux=ts,dst=:8080/33},select="program=772",dst=std{access=http,mux=ts,dst=:8080/34},select="program=773"}

control NETWORK_SBS play

Seven Network

new NETWORK_SEVEN broadcast enabled
setup NETWORK_SEVEN input dvb-t://
setup NETWORK_SEVEN option dvb-adapter=0
setup NETWORK_SEVEN option dvb-frequency=177500000
setup NETWORK_SEVEN option dvb-bandwidth=7
setup NETWORK_SEVEN option programs=1312,1314,1315,1317,1319,1320

setup NETWORK_SEVEN output #duplicate{dst=std{access=http,mux=ts,dst=:8080/7},select="program=1312",dst=std{access=http,mux=ts,dst=:8080/72},select="program=1314",dst=std{access=http,mux=ts,dst=:8080/73},select="program=1315",dst=std{access=http,mux=ts,dst=:8080/74},select="program=1319",dst=std{access=http,mux=ts,dst=:8080/76},select="program=1317",dst=std{access=http,mux=ts,dst=:8080/78},select="program=1320"}

control NETWORK_SEVEN play

Ten Network

new NETWORK_TEN broadcast enabled
setup NETWORK_TEN input dvb-t://
setup NETWORK_TEN option dvb-adapter=0
setup NETWORK_TEN option dvb-frequency=219500000
setup NETWORK_TEN option dvb-bandwidth=7
setup NETWORK_TEN option programs=1572,1573,1574,1575,1576,1577

setup NETWORK_TEN output #duplicate{dst=std{access=http,mux=ts,dst=:8080/10},select="program=1573",dst=std{access=http,mux=ts,dst=:8080/11},select="program=1576",dst=std{access=http,mux=ts,dst=:8080/12},select="program=1575",dst=std{access=http,mux=ts,dst=:8080/13},select="program=1572",dst=std{access=http,mux=ts,dst=:8080/14},select="program=1574",dst=std{access=http,mux=ts,dst=:8080/15},select="program=1577"}

control NETWORK_TEN play

Sample VLC playlist for Sydney

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<playlist xmlns="http://xspf.org/ns/0/" xmlns:vlc="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/ns/0/" version="1">
	<title>Sydney DVB-T</title>
	<trackList>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=177500000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>7 Digital</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>0</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=1312</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=177500000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>7TWO</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>1</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=1314</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=177500000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>7mate</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>2</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=1315</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=177500000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>TV4ME</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>3</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=1319</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=177500000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>7flix</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>4</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=1317</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=177500000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>RACING.COM</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>5</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=1317</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=184500000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>SBS ONE</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>6</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=769</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=184500000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>SBS HD</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>7</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=774</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=184500000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>SBS TWO</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>8</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=770</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=184500000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>Food Network</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>9</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=772</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=184500000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>NITV</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>10</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=773</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=191625000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>Nine</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>11</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=1062</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=191625000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>9HD</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>12</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=1058</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=191625000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>9Gem</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>13</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=1063</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=191625000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>9Go!</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>14</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=1064</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=191625000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>9Life</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>15</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=1060</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=191625000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>Extra</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>16</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=1061</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=219500000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>TEN</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>17</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=1573</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=219500000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>ELEVEN</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>18</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=1576</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=219500000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>ONE</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>19</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=1575</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=219500000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>TEN HD</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>20</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=1572</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=219500000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>TVSN</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>21</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=1574</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=219500000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>SpreeTV</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>22</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=1577</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=226500000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>ABC</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>23</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=545</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=226500000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>ABC2/KIDS</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>24</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=546</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=226500000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>ABC3</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>25</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=548</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
		<track>
			<location>dvb-t://frequency=226500000:bandwidth=7</location>
			<title>ABC News 24</title>
			<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
				<vlc:id>26</vlc:id>
				<vlc:option>program=544</vlc:option>
			</extension>
		</track>
	</trackList>
	<extension application="http://www.videolan.org/vlc/playlist/0">
		<vlc:node title="Seven Network">
			<vlc:item tid="0"/>
			<vlc:item tid="1"/>
			<vlc:item tid="2"/>
			<vlc:item tid="3"/>
			<vlc:item tid="4"/>
			<vlc:item tid="5"/>
		</vlc:node>
		<vlc:node title="SBS Network">
			<vlc:item tid="6"/>
			<vlc:item tid="7"/>
			<vlc:item tid="8"/>
			<vlc:item tid="9"/>
			<vlc:item tid="10"/>
		</vlc:node>
		<vlc:node title="Nine Network">
			<vlc:item tid="11"/>
			<vlc:item tid="12"/>
			<vlc:item tid="13"/>
			<vlc:item tid="14"/>
			<vlc:item tid="15"/>
			<vlc:item tid="16"/>
		</vlc:node>
		<vlc:node title="Ten Network">
			<vlc:item tid="17"/>
			<vlc:item tid="18"/>
			<vlc:item tid="19"/>
			<vlc:item tid="20"/>
			<vlc:item tid="21"/>
			<vlc:item tid="22"/>
		</vlc:node>
		<vlc:node title="ABC Network">
			<vlc:item tid="23"/>
			<vlc:item tid="24"/>
			<vlc:item tid="25"/>
			<vlc:item tid="26"/>
			<vlc:item tid="27"/>
			<vlc:item tid="28"/>
		</vlc:node>
	</extension>
</playlist>

Defend Against BadUSB

Mon, 06 Oct 2014 00:00:00 +0000

Defend against BadUSB in Windows

With BadUSB source codes now in the open, you may wish to protect yourself against its exploits. If you don’t yet know what BadUSB is capable of, I’d recommend you watch this video: BadUSB - Accessories that Turn Evil by Karsten Nohl + Jakob Lell.

How BadUSB Works

BadUSB works by identifying itself as an input/output device (keyboard/mouse), network adapter or display to the host computer. Once your computer sees these devices, it will automatically install drivers for these devices and enable them for use. The keyboard exploit will run commands with command prompt or Windows Power shell which allows the attacker to do pretty much anything.

How to defend against it

Because device manufacturers are lazy or are trying to save money, they usually don’t add unique device identifiers to their hardware. This means it is really difficult to prevent against attacks of this kind. The best solution (for now anyway) would be to not automatically install hardware of the vulnerable kind (i.e. HIDs, Keyboards, Mice, Network Adapters, Displays). Please note that if the attacker knows the make/model of the hardware currently plugged in, they could simulate its ID.

This guide will show you how to prevent Windows from automatically installing devices of certain classes. You must manually install these items if you do plug one in.

Disabling automatic device installation

Open the Local Group Policy editor by running gpedit.msc or searching for Edit Group Policy in the Windows start menu.
Navigate to Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates > System > Device Installation > Device Installation Restrictions
On the right hand side, double click on the setting Prevent installation of devices using drivers that match these device setup classes.
In the dialogue that pops up, select the Enabled radio option.
Then click on the Show… button under options.

Here, you can add the System-Defined Device Setup Classes you wish to prevent automatically installing. The devices which BadUSB exploit are keyboards, mice and network adapters. Here is a list of Class IDs which you can use. Enter one ID per cell in the dialogue.

Type	Class ID
Human Interface Devices (HID)	`{745a17a0-74d3-11d0-b6fe-00a0c90f57da}`
Keyboard	`{4d36e96b-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}`
Mouse	`{4d36e96f-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}`
Network Adapter (NDIS Drivers)	`{4d36e972-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}`
Network Service	`{4d36e974-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}`
Network Transport (NDIS Protocols)	`{4d36e975-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}`

Click OK and then OK to save the settings.
If you want to have the ability to manually install the restricted devices (which is recommended), open the setting Allow administrators to override Device Installation Restriction policies and select the Enabled radio option and click OK.

Policy in Action

When a blacklisted device type is plugged into the computer, the device will not install automatically and you will be shown a tray popup.

Manually installing blocked hardware

Open Device Manager by running devmgmt.msc or searching for Device Manager in the Windows Start menu
Devices not yet installed will show up under Other Devices. Right click on the device you want to install and select Update Driver Software
Then click Search automatically for updated driver software

Tips for Using Windows Safely

The best way to prevent unwanted changes to Windows system files is to use a Limited user account instead of an Administrator account. By doing this, Windows will always prompt you for the Administrator password before a program can get administrator access to your computer. This will prevent generic BadUSB attacks, as they will need your Administrator password.
Avoid using wireless keyboards as you are broadcasting your key strokes and anyone in range can pick them up.
If you have a wireless keyboard and mouse combo receiver and are not using the keyboard, consider uninstalling the driver for the keyboard and disabling it. This will prevent an attacker from sending keyboard input to your computer. (Windows does not allow you to disable Keyboard devices in Device Manager while they are installed. You will need to use the group policy, mentioned above, to prevent Windows automatically installing the keyboard drivers. Uninstall the keyboard and only then will you be able to disable the keyboard device.)